NAXALISM AS A MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHALLENGE: ADDRESSING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC, DEVELOPMENTAL, AND SECURITY ASPECTS

Abstract

This paper examines Naxalism as a multidimensional challenge that encompasses socio-economic, developmental, and security issues. Naxalism, rooted in Maoist ideology, poses a severe threat to India's internal security, particularly in marginalized and underdeveloped regions. The insurgency's rise is traced to historical grievances, land rights issues, and socio-economic inequalities, which have left tribal and rural communities alienated. Despite significant reductions in violence over the past decade due to coordinated security efforts, the movement remains persistent due to unresolved grievances related to land ownership, unemployment, and poor governance. This paper emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that combines military measures with robust socio-economic development, improved governance, and greater political inclusion to sustainably address Naxalism. It highlights that while security operations can suppress insurgency temporarily, long-term peace can only be achieved through addressing the root causes of poverty, land rights, and tribal welfare. The paper also stresses the importance of infrastructure development, land reforms, and social services in Naxal-affected areas to restore trust between the state and local communities and foster sustainable peace.